Everything about Orange Oil totally explained
Orange oil is an
essential oil produced by
glands inside the
rind of an
orange fruit. It is extracted or
steam distilled as a
by-product of orange juice production. It is composed of mostly (approximately 95% )
d-limonene, and is therefore often used in place of pure
d-limonene, which can be further extracted from the oil by
distillation.
Limonene
Limonene is what gives
citrus fruit their familiar
aroma, and is therefore used in
perfume and household cleaners for its
fragrance. It is also an effective, environmentally friendly, and relatively safe
solvent, which makes it an active ingredient of choice in many applications, such as, but not limited to,
adhesive and stain removers, cleaners of various sorts, and
strippers.
Composition
The composition of orange oil varies, due to several reasons. Region and seasonal changes as well as the methode used for extraction lead to this variations. Several hundred compounds have been identified with
gas chromatograph-
mass spectroscopy. Most of the substances are part of the terpene group with
limonene being the dominat one. Long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon alcohols and aldehydes like
Octanal and
Octanol are second important group of substances.
| Compound |
Ialian Organg Oil Concentration [%] |
Valencia orange oil Concentration [%] |
Valencia orange oil Concentration [%] |
Valencia orange oil Concentration [%] |
| Limonene |
93.67 |
91.4 |
95.17 |
97.0 |
| α-Pinene |
0.65 |
1.4 |
0.42 |
- |
| Sabinene and β-Pinene |
1.00 |
0.4 |
0.24 |
- |
| Myrcene |
2.09 |
4.3 |
1.86 |
0.03 |
| Octanal |
0.41 |
- |
- |
- |
| Linalool |
0.31 |
0.8 |
0.25 |
0.03 |
| δ-3-Carene |
0.31 |
- |
- |
- |
| Decanal |
0.27 |
0.4 |
0.28 |
- |
Safety
The limonene which is the main component of the oil is a mild hand irritant, by virtue of dissolving the protective oils in the skin. It is wise to wear solvent-resistant gloves when handling limonene solutions.
Limonene and its oxidation products are skin irritants, and limonene-1,2-oxide (formed by aerial oxidation) is a known skin sensitizer. Most reported cases of irritation have involved long-term industrial exposure to the pure compound, for example during degreasing or the preparation of paints. However a study of patients presenting dermatitis showed that 3% were sensitized to limonene.
Limonene has been observed to cause
cancer in male
rats, by reacting with α2U-
globulin, which isn't produced by female rats. There is no evidence for carcinogenicity or genotoxicity in humans. The
IARC classifies
d-limonene under Class 3:
not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Orange oil can be used in pesticides . Insects and small animals deaths in open drums of orange oil have been observed .
For more details of the regulatory status and toxicity, see
limonene.
Limonene is also
flammable.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Orange Oil'.
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